All things, by a law divine, in one anothers being mingle. Predicting metapopulation responses to conservation in. Metapopulation ecology has moved out of academia and into the real world. Wiens metapopulation dynamics has been done, a discussion of how the major themes of landscape ecology m spatial and temporal variations in patch quality, boundary effects, landscape connectivity, and patch contextaffect the three components of metapopulation. Surveys of pond occupancy and habitat characteristics examined the habitat preferences and spatial population. We present a novel spatially explicit modeling framework for narrowing the divide between these disciplines to advance understanding of the effects of landscape structure on metapopulation dynamics. The metapopulation biology and evolutionary ecology of these bacterial systems, in these synthetic ecosystems, can be addressed using. The latter theory largely replaced the former one in the 1980s, especially in conservation applications. Aug 31, 2009 we use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads.
Human activities and natural disasters are the main causes of metapopulation and increase the population that occurs as metapopulatons. The term metapopulation was coined by richard levins in 1969 to describe a model of population dynamics of insect pests in agricultural fields, but the idea has been most broadly applied to species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats. M, called the metapopulation capacity, is the leading eigenvalue of a landscape or metapopulation matrix m 4,5. Here, we used metapopulation ecology to explain variations in infection incidences of 17.
Ruzzante, a portrait of a sucker using landscape genetics. Metapopulation theory has been applied increasingly to conservation problems, in particular in cases where species ranges have been fragmented by habitat alteration by humans mccullough 1996. In levins 1969 model, there are many small, equal patches. Synchronisation and stability in river metapopulation networks. The metapopulation capacity should find many applications in metapopulation ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology. Metapopulations are conceived as spatially structured populations consisting of distinct units subpopulations, separated by space or barriers, and connected by dispersal movements. A particular aspect of the book is the attempt to connect the disciplines of population biology and landscape ecology. Mar 11, 2004 ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations is acollection of specially commissioned articles that looks at fragmented habitats, bringing together recent theoretical advances and empirical studies applying the metapopulation approach. Metapopulation models for seasonally migratory animals. This paper describes a novel approach to modelling of metapopulation dynamics. Available at a lower price from other sellers that may not offer free prime shipping. Spatially structured population jeanfrancois le galliard.
Much of spatial ecology since the late 1960s has been dominated by two theories, the dynamic theory of island biogeography and the classical metapopulation theory. I discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of different types of metapopulation models, taking for granted that there is a need to develop both general theory and predictive models. Metapopulation theory is mostly dependent on the existence of metapopulations, or groups of local populations that are connected by immigration. The metapopulation biology and evolutionary ecology of these bacterial systems, in these synthetic ecosystems, can be addressed using experimental biophysics. Several chapters closely integrate ecology with genetics and evolutionary biology, and others illustrate. The group studies species living in fragmented landscapes and attempts to advance metapopulation ecology research. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st edition. So far, we have looked at populations with the assumption of geographic closure. Metapopulation theory, its use and misuse sciencedirect. Metapopulation ecology has provided a powerful set of tools for applied conservation soule et al. Models in landscape ecology use detailed descriptions of landscape structure, but often without considering colonization and extinction dynamics. Metapopulation ecology links antibiotic resistance.
Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology sciencedirect. New models also allow for estimating occupancy for organisms that are difficult to detect, as is the case with the highly secretive black rail. This thesis considers the application of metapopulation theory to a field system. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology songklanakarin j. To extend this model to migratory metapopulations with n b breeding patches and n w nonbreeding patches, we model the occupancy probability in year t of breeding. Mccracken, donald keefe, robert perry and daniel e. A highlight is hanskis ability to relate metapopulation ecology to other parts of ecology applied and pure. Spatial ecology, in particular, has used graph theory. Many may be nonequilibrium metapopulations, where colonization is just a little too low to have an equilibrium, and the metapopulation eventually goes extinct. Larousse gastronomique pdf download free bilvatipa. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat to two or subpopulations. Apr, 2000 the metapopulation capacity should find many applications in metapopulation ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology.
This is an easy book to read, and the author is refreshingly honest about his biases, which include cursory coverage of population genetics and evolution, and a passion for the incidence function model. Eastern kingbirds murphy suggested that creek habitat acted as a pseudosink. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski, professor in the. Ecological and genetic basis of metapopulation persistence of the. Metapopulation connectivity affects restocking and restoration 105 figure 6 population oyster reef types in a metapopulation of the eastern oyster in the lynnhaven river system of chesapeake bay, as determined by a network connectivity analysis lipcius et al. This group of individual subgroups makes up a metapopulation, and it is an important concept in ecology. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local populations. How consideration of islands has inspired mainstream ecology. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st. Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology. Metapopulation models can be used to examine factors that cause patch colonizations or patch extinctions.
Life history evolution edit metapopulation models have been used to explain lifehistory evolution, such as the ecological stability of amphibian metamorphosis in small vernal ponds. However, we should not assume all collections of populations are in equilibrium. Metapopulation ecology uc berkeley college of natural. The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape nature. Metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. Ecology 1994, 63, 151162 a practical model of metapopulation dynamics ilkka hanski department of zoology, division of ecology, po box 17 p rautatiekatu, sf00014, university of helsinki, finland summary 1. Stenseth and lidicker 1992b discuss these ter minological issues. Increasing connectivity between metapopulation ecology and.
Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology. Metapopulation ecology metapopulation ecology, ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution, issn 17463. A study focusing on a single small population regan et al. A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. Ilkka hanski, professor in the department of ecology and systematics ilkka hanski. The population surveys show more populations going extinct each year than are being colonized, and therefore predicts that the whole metapopulation should collapse. The simple metapopulation model did not do a good job of predicting the patch occupancy of these butterflies. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Ilkka aulis hanski formemrs 14 february 1953 10 may 2016 was a finnish ecologist at the university of helsinki, finland. A metapopulation is a population of populations distributed in discrete habitat patches that are linked by occasional dispersal.
Importance of metapopulation connectivity to restocking. Eastern kingbirds modeling suggested that metapopulation overall is a sink. In all cases, metapopulation structure enhanced species persistence in time, and often. Percy bysshe shelley 17921822, loves philosophy introduction wherever wildlife management concerns the. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking. Purchase ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st edition. In both concept and application, metapopulation theory has focused almost exclusively on nonmigratory species. Pdf inbreeding depression, the reduction in fitness that results from. If riparian survival increased slightly, the entire metapopulation would be sustained. From individual behavior to metapopulation dynamics. Metapopulations characteristically demonstrate a turnover of local populations going extinct and becoming reestablished, resulting in a distribution pattern that shifts over time.
Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony. Metapopulation dynamics species richness ecology center. Biol 351 learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Biol 4120 l12 metapopulations tennessee state university. Journal of animal ecology 1994 63, 151162 introduction the most obvious question a metapopulation biologist may expect to be asked is whether some species x is likely to persist, as a metapopulation, in some particular set of habitat. The main idea of metapopulation theory is that in a. Metapopulations persist due to the balance between extinction and colonization of local populations. Set of local populations occupying an array of habitat patches and linked by the movements of individuals movement. Metapopulation ecology of notonecta in small ponds. Using habitat fragmentation and lifehistory evolution as examples, we also argue that a. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and immigrations and decreases deaths and emigrations of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of local populations contained within it.
Source and sink populations source populations are defined by their ability to maintain a positive growth rate r0, whereas sink populations cannot support positive population. Spatial heterogeneity important as a means of unlinking the fates of individual. It is only recently that ecologists have fully realized that a relatively simple general theory can be readily constructed that. Metapopulation ecology uc berkeley college of natural resources. Baguette 2004 has criticized the use of patchoccupancy metapopulation models in conservation. Richard levins conceived the idea of a metapopulation in an effort to mathematically model the cost effectiveness of biological pest control methods levins, 1969.
The term metapopulation stems from the general notion of the hierarchical structure of nature. Thus, the species will persist, in the sense that there is a nontrivial equilibrium state p 0, only if h d. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat in two or more subpopulations. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university. Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony metapopulationtheory or hypothesis. In contrast to the ifd, each population in a patch has its own local dynamics, which are not dependent on the state of other patches as in structured populations, nor on immigration from other patches as sink. Population ecology lecture 7 metapopulation quizlet. Synchronisation and stability in river metapopulation. Department of ecology and systematics, division of population biology, p. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations is acollection of specially commissioned articles that looks at fragmented habitats, bringing together recent theoretical advances and empirical studies applying the metapopulation approach. Heteroptera, notonectidae, a freshwater invertebrate predator, inhabiting a series of small manmade ponds known as dewponds, in the peak district, derbyshire. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university press.
Populations of butterflies and coralreef fishes are good examples of metapopulation. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution. The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape skip to main. Metapopulation ecology is used in conservation biology and in population genetics where it influences genetic structure, the rate and trajectory of evolution and even what traits are under selection. Rather than track individual organisms through time, a metapopulation approach tracks the occupancy of habitat patches through time.
Predicting metapopulation responses to conservation in human. In the classic view, metapopulations were considered collections. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Information and translations of metapopulation in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Just like the term population is needed to describe an assemblage of interacting individuals, it seems apt to have a term for an assemblage of spatially delimited local populations that are coupled by some degree of migrationthe metapopulation. A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller subpopulations. Several chapters closely integrate ecology with genetics and evolutionary biology, and others illustrate how metapopulation concepts and models can be. Expanded families in nature humans arent the only species who have farflung relatives.
829 830 944 160 1487 875 377 530 90 969 1520 180 1342 236 885 411 1392 1156 1527 449 493 983 1593 828 1300 553 110 327 1458 31 495 1488 841 1385 876 580 1139